Every now and then you might get that commission from someone who wants you to paint their father’s high school photo. Since you can’t rely on the reference for your colors, you’ll have to invent.
I wouldn’t jump into the painting and hope for the best. Something like this needs preparation, especially if it’s a commission.
In this tutorial I’ll be using my ‘Brothers’ painting as an example. Lately, I’ve been exploring my family albums for reference and unfortunately, most of the older photos are black and white.
1. Gather Color Reference
Gather as much color reference as you can to help guide you in inventing the colors in your painting. This can be a colored photo with a similar subject. Or it can be a painting by an artist you really admire.
Similar Color Photos
This can be one or a combination of photos. If you’re looking at multiple sources for color ideas make sure that the two photos have similar lighting. You don’t want one to be lit by an overcast sky and another to be lit by a fireplace. This can cause more problems than it solves. Also, keep in mind that the color temperature of the light source plays a big part in the colors on the subject. I’ll talk more about that later.
Stage a ‘Similar’ Scene
Another option is to actually stage a similar scene and take a photo. The subject doesn’t have to be exact, since you’re only concerned with the color harmonies. But the important part about this is to properly light the subject. For example let’s say you get a commission to do a painting of a fair skinned woman. Find a friend that has fair skin and light her with a similar light source. Make sure the light is coming from the same angle and that you decide whether you want a cool light source or warm light source. With so many light bulb options available, you can mimic a fireplace or blue sky – 1000Bulbs.com. Then, paint the original black and white photograph, but borrow the colors from the photo you took.
In my painting, I didn’t use photographs for color reference, but instead, decided that I wanted a similar color feel as some of Morgan Weistling’s paintings…
Other Artist’s Paintings
No, this isn’t stealing… Every color combination has been explored thousands of times by artists at one point or another. You’re simply using their work for inspiration.
You’ll hear me mention Morgan Weistling in many of my posts, since I’m currently very inspired by his work. So, I go to him whenever I need help figuring out my own paintings. I’m also very attracted to the colors he uses and it fits the mood I’m going for. He uses a lot of greys and browns. I’ve always liked using grey in my paintings. You might be different though… Find a role model that shares a similar taste in color as you and study their color compositions and harmonies. Can you find any patterns in the way they select their colors?
2. Color Studies
Overlay in Photoshop
A quick method is to do an overlay in Photoshop. Create a new layer on top of the photo and place large strokes of color over it. This is the method I used for my painting to figure out the color composition.
The color composition in this case would be a version of the split complementary color scheme. Most of the painting is in the red-purple-blue range with yellow as the accent color. The brightest yellow is in the apple.
Thumbnails
If you don’t have experience in Photoshop then the traditional method will be best for you. Paint a small version of the photo, called a thumbnail. The trick with thumbnails is to not get caught up with the details. You’re not trying to create a miniature masterpiece. You’re simply working out the color relationships. Use a brush that you think might be too big for the job.
Explore Your Options
When doing these studies it might help to think of the various color schemes (analogous, complimentary, triadic etc…). That’s a whole tutorial in itself. Try to do more than one color scheme since then you can compare and choose the best one. Again, stay simple so you don’t spend all your time on thumbnails.
Consider doing a low key, medium key and high key version too… Is your painting going to be dominated by muted earth tones? Or, maybe brighter colors fit the painting better.
3. Invent the Colors
Don’t Forget About the Values
Once you actually start your painting, it’s important to remember that you’re inventing the colors not the values. Try to stay true to the values in the photograph, unless you have a good reason to deviate. Mix a color that has the same value as in the photograph.
Reflected Light
Everything in a painting affects everything around it. For example, look at how the egg reflects the color of the paper next to it. Letting colors ‘bleed’ from object to object unifies the painting. Without this you might get a painting that looks like a collage of objects from different photographs. This mostly applies to the shadows of objects because that is where we see the ‘reflected light’. The color of the light areas will mainly be determined by the color of the light source and the local color of the object. Any reflected light from surrounding objects will be completely overpowered by the main light source.
But it’s interesting that the halftone colors on the eggs appear to be the compliment of the surrounding colors. For example, the egg on the yellow paper appears to have violet halftones, whereas the egg on the red paper appears to have green halftones. Ponder that…
Color Temperature
warm light source = cooler shadows
cool light source = warmer shadows
That doesn’t mean that if you have a warm light source, the shadows should be bright blue. It means that the shadows will be a cooler version of the light. The shadows could be blue (such as outdoors during a clear day), but not necessarily.
![]() Broken ColorIn the areas where you have larger shapes of the same color, consider breaking up the colors. Keep the value the same, but shift the color temperatures of your strokes to make that area more interesting. For example, with skin, you rarely see a large area of the same exact color. Veins, hair, and skin tone variations create notes of blue, green and purple around the red and yellows. Also, consider adding ‘greyer’ or muted versions of the color next to it. This will make the bright colors appear even brighter and create balance. The example above shows a patch in the cloth from my painting. Notice how many different hues there are of the same value. You can find yellows, reds, greens, violets, blues, and greys. If I oversimplified this area and painted it all in with one color, it would have a flat ‘cartoony’ feel. It would lose its vibrancy. |
* * *
After a few years of experience, you should start noticing patterns of the way light affects forms. You’ll begin building a library of ‘rules’ that you will intuitively reference whenever you need to invent color. Experience plays a big role in realistic color invention, especially, experience in painting from life. Get out of the studio on a regular basis. Don’t underestimate those live model workshops and plein air painting.
* Have you painted from a black and white photograph? Feel free to share your thoughts in the comments!
Hi Mr. Stan
I am very confuse on the topic of the broken color.
I use the broken color randomly or i need to consider which direction of the plane?
Or, i can use it by comparatively match , when i watch the color seem ok?
And the other question is: Is the use the same way when it si in shadow?
Can you suggest some ref. book on this topic for me?
Thank you very much.
Yukman, great question! thank you.
I can’t think of a good book to recommend on this subject, since everything i learned from it I learned from my instructor Jeff Watts. You can learn a lot about it just by looking at his paintings. He uses it very heavily which works wonders in his paintings, but unless it fits your style, it might look odd in your paintings if its so exaggerated. My application of it is very subtle. It’s up to you to decide how you want to use this technique.
I use in mainly in light areas, but occasionally in the shadows too. I make sure not to change the values, just the colors. I tend to not push it very far either. When you back away from the painting, all these colors blend together.
In a way, it is random, but I always go with my instinct. If it looks out of place, I’ll remove and and try again. You can develop your sense of harmonizing colors by painting from life…Frequently.
This technique was invented by the impressionists, so maybe you can find more information there. Hope that helps!
thank you~~ it already give me an idea of how to understand this subject.
@_@ i really hope Hong Kong has a learning insitute or school that hold a class about illustration or Figure drawing. ( becasue i am hong kong ppl.. haha)
Mr. Stan, do you know “Savannah College of Arts and Design”?
The Illustration Degree of that college is good or not? Becasue it will held at Hong Kong later.
The only art school I know of that is the one that Mian Situ studied at – Guangzhou Institute of Fine Arts. I’ve heard that China has very good traditional art training, so you should search around. I’ll email you some contact info of somebody that should know more about this than me. check your email.
I don’t think SCAD is good. If they have life drawing workshops that you can attend, then you should look into it just to get some life drawing practice.
thanks~~ Mr. Stan
Wow. I wish I were so talented!
Really impressive work!
Alex
WOW! that painting was making me a foolish.Completlly you are a luky artist.
Please teach so many tutorials to me that can develope my drawing.But if you have some drawings that are drawned by a coloured pencil?because I want to start my drawing by this.So as I sought your drawing it is very amazing.
KEEP IT UP! AND BE TEACH ME!!!!
I try to paint too. I used to before I had all of my kids then I put all the pantis away. Now I have bought the pantis and the canvas again… they just waiting for me to ‘feel’ like I can do it again. Someday I will try.Thanks for showing your painting and your MIL’s.
I understand broken color. Did a painting of a baldheaded gentleman and was delighted with the effect that different hues made up the perfect skin tone. I was just playing around but taught myself a valueable fact. Try it, it give everything a new dimention.
Fantastic information….very helpful.
sempre aprendo muito com vc ..grata pelas publicações
Thanks for posting this information on color. I found it very useful in painting this weekend. The building was a bright yellow and I have been looking at the painting trying to figure out why it bothers me.
It was becuase the yellow I mixed was spot on the color of the building and your right, it looked like a cartoon. This weekend I will go back into it useing the suggestions you made in your post. Mixing colors with the same value and useing reflected light will bring my painting an exciting change!
Very helpful
Very interesting article. Thank you. I had a similar challenge recently and went through a very similar process. It’s good to know that’s how the professionals do it. You can see my efforts here: http://slappingoiloncanvas.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/painting-no-22-joss-naylor-wasdale.html
Thanks again,
Mick
Hi ,Thanks for the information,it gets me excited and want to do water colour again,I will use thumbnail and think more before I start doing a painting.
Mne ochen nravyatsya vashi uroki I tvoreniya vi prosto talant, kotorih malo v mire. I absolutely love your videos. You are amazing artist WOW. I just start to learn from 0 and I think your tutorials are the best. Spasibo Bolshoe